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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) is India's official criminal code, which came into effect on July 1, 2024. It was passed by parliament in December 2023 to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which dates back to British India. The BNS also replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

The BNS includes several changes, including:
  • New offenses
    The BNS adds new offenses, such as organized crime, terrorism, and acts that endanger India's sovereignty. It also defines organized crime as kidnapping, extortion, contract killing, land grabbing, financial scams, and cybercrime carried out on behalf of a crime syndicate.
  • Removed offenses
    The BNS removes offenses that have been struck down by courts, such as sedition.
  • Increased penalties
    The BNS increases penalties for several offenses, including murder by a group of five or more people based on identity markers like caste, language, or personal belief. This offense can result in a life sentence, death, and a fine.
  • Community service
    The BNS adds community service as a form of punishment


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